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                <h2 id="ArchLinux安装及配置过程"><a href="#ArchLinux安装及配置过程" class="headerlink" title="ArchLinux安装及配置过程"></a>ArchLinux安装及配置过程</h2><h4 id="1、安装前准备工作"><a href="#1、安装前准备工作" class="headerlink" title="1、安装前准备工作"></a>1、安装前准备工作</h4><p>安装手册地址：<a class="link"   target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide" >https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide<i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></a><br>在“编辑虚拟机的设置”设置中打开“选项”选项卡，点选高级，在固件类型中选择UEFI并确定。<br>网络设置中选择NAT模式，这样只要主机能上网，虚拟机将自动配置上网。<br>光驱选择下载好的镜像文件<br>保存设置后开启虚拟机。</p>
<h4 id="2、进行安装配置"><a href="#2、进行安装配置" class="headerlink" title="2、进行安装配置"></a>2、进行安装配置</h4><p>启动成功后进入了命令行模式。<br>对系统磁盘进行分区<br>一种建议的分区例子</p>
<figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">fdisk -l //查看磁盘情况</span><br><span class="line">fdisk /dev/sda  //输入m可以看到指令说明，p看分区情况</span><br><span class="line">    g           //输入g建立一个gpt的磁盘</span><br><span class="line">    n           //新建分区：boot +512M；swap+1G；/mnt 剩下的空间</span><br><span class="line">    w           //保存分区表退出</span><br><span class="line">mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1	//格式boot分区为fat32格式</span><br><span class="line">mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2			//格式化mnt分区为linux的ext4格式</span><br><span class="line">mkswap /dev/sda3       		//初始化swap分区</span><br><span class="line">swapon /dev/sda3</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h5 id="选择并编辑镜像源"><a href="#选择并编辑镜像源" class="headerlink" title="选择并编辑镜像源"></a>选择并编辑镜像源</h5><figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vim /etc/pacman.conf	//编辑pacman配置文件</span><br><span class="line">    Color           			 	//去掉<span class="comment">#号似的pacman具有颜色提醒的功能</span></span><br><span class="line">    :w                				//保存配置</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="section">[core]</span>            				//找到这行下的列表，/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist输入gf命令可以直接跳转编辑这个镜像源文件</span><br><span class="line">vim /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist		//或者直接在命令行中编辑此文件</span><br><span class="line">    qa    						//vim宏编辑技巧，qa开始录制宏，宏名为a</span><br><span class="line">    		gg		    		//到最开始一行</span><br><span class="line">    		/^\n+Enter  		//找到第一个空行进入</span><br><span class="line">      	/China+Enter  //找到China所在行</span><br><span class="line">      	Shift+v     		//尽量可视行编辑模式</span><br><span class="line">      	j           			//选择China行及下面一行</span><br><span class="line">      	d           			//剪切这两行</span><br><span class="line">      	gg          			//到最开始一行</span><br><span class="line">      	/^\n+Enter 		 //找到第一个空行进入</span><br><span class="line">      	k           //上移一行</span><br><span class="line">      	p           //粘贴剪切的两行</span><br><span class="line">      	q           //退出宏录制</span><br><span class="line">    @a      		//多次执行录制的宏a，将所有的中国镜像源放在最开始</span><br><span class="line">    :wq     	//保存退出</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h5 id="挂载分区并安装linux"><a href="#挂载分区并安装linux" class="headerlink" title="挂载分区并安装linux"></a>挂载分区并安装linux</h5><figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mount /dev/sda2 /mnt  //挂载mnt分区</span><br><span class="line">mkdir /mnt/boot       //建立boot目录</span><br><span class="line">mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot   //挂载boot分区</span><br><span class="line">pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware //安装linux</span><br><span class="line">genfstab -U /mnt &gt;&gt; /mnt/etc/fstab      //设置linux</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h5 id="配置安装好的linux"><a href="#配置安装好的linux" class="headerlink" title="配置安装好的linux"></a>配置安装好的linux</h5><figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">arch-chroot /mnt              //进入安装好的系统</span><br><span class="line">ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime    //选择中国上海作为时区</span><br><span class="line">hwclock --systohc  		   //同步系统时间</span><br><span class="line">pacman -S vim   		      //安装文本编辑器</span><br><span class="line">vim /etc/locale.gen  		 //编辑语言</span><br><span class="line">  en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 		 //将注释<span class="comment">#号去掉,保存退出</span></span><br><span class="line">locale-gen     				   //生成本地化文件</span><br><span class="line">vim /mnt/etc/locale.conf	  //编辑语言选择</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">LANG</span>=en_US.UTF-<span class="number">8</span>		  //选择语言，保存退出</span><br><span class="line">vim /etc/vconsole.conf		 //键盘配置</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">#KEYMAP=us 				//键盘设置，默认就是us  对于所支持的可以在命令行中输入</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">#keycode 1 = Caps_Lock</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">#keycode 58 = Escape    //这两行可以将Esc和CapsLock两个键互换</span></span><br><span class="line">vim /etc/hostname 		  //编辑网络名字文件  </span><br><span class="line">  arch       						   //取网络名字arch</span><br><span class="line">vim /etc/hosts				  //网络设置</span><br><span class="line">  127.0.0.1	  localhost</span><br><span class="line">  ::1	      	localhost</span><br><span class="line">  127.0.1.1	  arch.localdomain	arch    //使用上一步设置的网络名字arch</span><br><span class="line">passwd  					  //更改root密码</span><br><span class="line">pacman -S grub efibootmgr intel-ucode os-prober  //安装一个BootLoader</span><br><span class="line">mkdir /boot/grub 						//创建一个文件夹</span><br><span class="line">grub-mkconfig &gt; /boot/grub/grub.cfg //生成启动配置文件到文件夹</span><br><span class="line">uname -m  								  //确认一下系统的架构，目前多数是x86_64</span><br><span class="line">grub-install <span class="attr">--target</span>=x<span class="number">86_64</span>-efi --efi-directory=/boot</span><br><span class="line">pacman -S wpa_supplicant dhcpcd 	 // **重要** 安装好网络部件wpa_supplicant及动态分配ip工具dhcpcd，其他软件可以在之后有网络进行按需安装</span><br><span class="line">exit  		  //回到之前的系统</span><br><span class="line">reboot 		 //安装好后可以进行重启</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h4 id="3、重启后配置linux的用户及联网功能"><a href="#3、重启后配置linux的用户及联网功能" class="headerlink" title="3、重启后配置linux的用户及联网功能"></a>3、重启后配置linux的用户及联网功能</h4><figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">用root登入系统继续配置linux</span><br><span class="line">df -lh   //查看系统安装磁盘容量信息</span><br><span class="line">ip link //查看网络连接状况</span><br><span class="line">ip link set ens33 up  //打开虚拟机的网卡</span><br><span class="line">dhcpcd  //运行动态分配ip</span><br><span class="line">ping jd.com  //连接百度进行上网测试</span><br><span class="line">ip addr //其作用类似于ifconfig</span><br><span class="line">ip route //其作用显示当前实际在使用的网卡端口状态和路由网关信息</span><br><span class="line">pacman -S netctl  //安装网络管理软件来管理网卡</span><br><span class="line">                  //参考地址https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Netctl<span class="comment">#Basic_method</span></span><br><span class="line">cp /etc/netctl/examples/ehternet-dhcp /etc/netctl/my_dhcp_profile    //将例子中的有线连接配置文件复制到目录下并改名为my_dhcp_profile</span><br><span class="line">vim /etc/netctl/my_dhcp_profile  //修改配置文件</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">Interface</span>=ens33   //配置连接网络名</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">Connection</span>=ethernet   //为有线连接</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">IP</span>=dhcp   //自动分配ip地址</span><br><span class="line">netctl start my_dhcp_profile  //启动网络连接服务</span><br><span class="line">netctl enable my_dhcp_profile //设置开机启动网络连接服务</span><br><span class="line">pacman -S openssh //安装openssh服务</span><br><span class="line">systemctl start sshd.service //启动openssh服务</span><br><span class="line">systemctl enable sshd.service //设置开机启动ssh服务</span><br><span class="line">vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config //编辑sshd配置文件</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment"># Authentication:   //运行root用户进行ssh登入</span></span><br><span class="line">  LoginGraceTime 2m  //将注释<span class="comment">#号去掉</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password</span></span><br><span class="line">  PermitRootLogin yes   //添加一行</span><br><span class="line">  StrictModes yes      //将注释<span class="comment">#号去掉</span></span><br><span class="line">useradd -m -G wheel winnerwood //添加一个用户在wheel用户组中</span><br><span class="line">passwd winnerwood  //给这个用户添加密码</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">***</span><br><span class="line">ln -s /usr/bin/vim /usr/bin/vi //编辑管理员权限时候可以用vim替代vi命令</span><br><span class="line">visudo  //编辑sudo文件</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL //将注释#去掉，让这个组中用户可以执行任何命令。保存退出</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h4 id="4、安装一些常用软件"><a href="#4、安装一些常用软件" class="headerlink" title="4、安装一些常用软件"></a>4、安装一些常用软件</h4><figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">安装软件</span><br><span class="line">采用新建的用户winnerwood进行操作</span><br><span class="line">sudo pacman -Syyu  //更新一下系统</span><br><span class="line">sudo pacman -S man //manual命令</span><br><span class="line">sudo pacman -S base-devel  //软件开发工具集</span><br><span class="line">sudo pacman -S neofetch   //显示计算机信息的软件</span><br><span class="line">neofetch        //观察运行效果</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 键盘输入上屏</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo pacman -S screenkey</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># i3 窗口管理器</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo pacman -S i3 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#文件管理器 polybar</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo pacman -S ranger  </span><br><span class="line">//安装oh-my-zsh</span><br><span class="line">sudo pacman -S zsh  //安装zsh的shell</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


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